Paper Birch
Deciduous tree reaching 15-25 m tall with a spreading, open crown. Known for its distinctive white bark that peels in paper-like layers. Features ovate, double-toothed leaves and hanging catkins. Prefers moist, well-drained soils and full sun, but tolerates a range of conditions. Important for wildlife, providing food and habitat. Historically used by indigenous peoples for various purposes. Suitable for landscapes in cooler climates, but susceptible to bronze birch borer in warmer areas.
Plant Details
Bloom Colour: Brown (catkins)
Bloom Time: Early Spring
Sun Requirements: Sun to Part-Shade
Moisture: Moist-Drained
Phenology: Male catkins visible through winter. Leaves emerge early-mid May. Female catkins appear with leaves. Seeds mature and disperse August-September. Golden fall color appears late September. White bark prominent year-round.
Wildlife Value: Seeds heavily used by small birds including chickadees and redpolls; important for ruffed grouse; bark used by beavers; hosts numerous moth species
Habit Over Time: Frequently grows in multi-trunked clusters, with brilliant white bark that peels in paper-like layers. Canopy is relatively loose and open, allowing filtered light to reach the ground. Root system is extensive but shallow, requiring thoughtful selection of understory plants. May self-seed in favorable conditions but seedlings are easily managed.
Height: Tall (50-70 feet)